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Authors
Mahdzan, Nurul Shahnaz
Tajudeen, Farzana Parveen
Zainudin, Rozaimah
Wong, Hak Kenn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2022/SS01/UM/02/1 (FP035-2022))
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2022/SS01/UM/02/1 (FP035-2022))
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2022/SS01/UM/02/1 (FP035-2022))
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2022/SS01/UM/02/1 (FP035-2022))
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Universiti Malaya Research Ethics Committee, reference number: UM.TNC2/UMREC_2493) dated 16/05/2023 and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: tabInformed consent was obtained from all participants before they participated in the survey. Participants were provided with an information sheet outlining the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and assurances of anonymity and confidentiality. Consent was obtained on 1st June – 30th September 2024, via an online survey platform by participants checking a consent box after reading the information sheet.
