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Article History

Received: 18 July 2025

Accepted: 19 March 2026

First Online: 25 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of National University of Malaysia. Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of National University of Malaysia (Approval No.: JEP-2025-086) approved on 6 March 2025. Ethical approval was obtained for the broader research project. However, the present study is a literature review based solely on previously published academic literature and did not involve human participants, personal data, or confidential information. Therefore, the ethical approval was not specifically required for the analysis conducted in this paper.

: This study is a systematic literature review that analyzed previously published academic literature. As the research did not involve human participants, personal data, or confidential information, therefore, informed consent was not applicable. Although expert review was conducted as part of validation process, it was not used as empirical data in this publication. Therefore, formal informed consent was not required for the purposes of this study.