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Authors
Cheng, Tianyou
Lu, Yao
Ding, Junkai
Gao, Jie
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was approved by the academic committee of the Shandong Management University. Approval date: May 2023, Approval Number:sdmu231265. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written people assent and informed consent were obtained from participants.informed consent time:December 2023.This study involves non-interventional research. All participants have been informed that their anonymity is fully guaranteed. They have also been informed of the purpose of the study, the way their data will be used, and that there are no risks associated with their participation.
