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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Jiangsu University Institutional Review Board (No. JUIRB/13190/2024). Approval was granted on 05/03/2024, following the review of the submitted research ethics application (Form submission date: 02/02/2024). The survey process and procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Before data collection, all eligible respondents were informed of the aims of the study, voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without providing a reason. Informed consent was obtained from 06/03/2024 to 30/06/2024. They were also assured of the confidentiality of the information to be collected. The study complied with all relevant local laws in the regions where the research was conducted. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. Data are stored in digital format, with access limited to the principal investigator and authorized members of the research team. Any future requests for data access will be reviewed and approved internally by the research team. This study did not involve any vulnerable populations. All participants voluntarily agreed to participate and consented to the use of their data for academic research purposes.