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Authors
Su, Fan
Zou, Di
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (307-AW0102-24-005305)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were approved by the university ethical review board at The Education University of Hong Kong on 12 April 2023 (Approval number:2022-2023-0264). We confirm that all the research meets ethical guidelines and adheres to the legal requirements of the study country.
: This study involved 70 pre-service teachers (PSTs), whose ages ranged from 21 to 23 years old. Prior to the involvement in the study, PSTs were fully informed about the purposes, procedures, and tasks of the research. Informed consent was obtained through a written form in which participants agreed to partake in the study on April 20, 2023, including the use of collecting their microteaching performances and reflective journals for research and teaching adjustment purposes. Participants were assured of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without influencing their academic credits. All personal data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality. All participants in this study were treated with respect and in accordance with established ethical guidelines and standards.
