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Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Ethical approval was therefore not required. The research was based exclusively on secondary, aggregated data compiled from official registries and authoritative institutional sources relating to Lebanon’s industrial sectors and administrative districts.

: This article does not involve human participants, and therefore, informed consent was not required. The analysis used only secondary, aggregated sectoral and regional data from official sources.