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Authors
Zhao, Lixia
Hu, Jinbo
Zhang, Wenlan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Major Project Commissioned by the Teaching Materials Research Institute: 'A Prospective Studyon Artificial Intelligence Empowering Curriculum and Teaching Material Development (Project No.:JCSZD2024KCZX007)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shaanxi Normal University, with the ethics approval number: SNNU-ETH-2025-Ed0218. The ethical approval date is January 6, 2025, which was prior to the commencement of data collection. Throughout the entire research process, the research team adhered strictly to the ethical guidelines and principles established by Shaanxi Normal University to ensure that all participants were treated with fairness, respect, and confidentiality.
: All individuals participating in the study received informed consent. All participants were fully informed of the nature of the study, including its purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits. They were guaranteed the right to withdraw from the research at any time without being punished. This online survey was conducted from February 27th to March 14th, 2025. Obtain the electronic informed consent form on the first page of the investigation. Consent was indicated by selecting “I agree” prior to completing the questionnaire, and the survey platform automatically recorded the submission time of each response.
