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Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study is based on secondary analysis of de-identified survey data archived by the Survey Research Data Archive (SRDA), Academia Sinica. No new data were collected directly from human participants by the authors. Under the institutional and data-use requirements applicable to the authors, research based exclusively on fully anonymized secondary data did not require additional ethics committee approval.

: The present study used only anonymized secondary data made available by the data custodian. No identifiable personal information was accessible to the authors, and no additional informed consent was required for this secondary analysis.