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Authors
Luo, Yi-jun
Zhang, Jing-qiu
Nie, Qian
Chen, Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271087)
the National Social Science Foundation of China (22&ZD184)
Innovation Team of Philosophy and Social Science in Universities of Chongqing (7110200530)
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocols and materials were formally reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the Southwest University on November 7, 2019 (Project title: Sexism and Online Behaviors, protocol number 2019110701). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants (and their legal guardians) prior to the baseline data collection, specifically between November 19 and November 23, 2019.
