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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 6 April 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Since this study included human participants, the ethical approval No. 30122023 was acquired from the Ethics Committee of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research and Development of Serbia on 30 December 2023. The approval covered the study protocol, participant recruitment, informed consent procedures, data collection methods, and the storage and processing of data. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable guidelines and regulations.

: Informed consent was obtained in written (electronic) form from all participants prior to survey participation and by survey administrators. Informed consents were collected from 4 January 2024 until 15 January 2024 from 134 participants in the first phase. In the second phase of the research, informed consents were collected from 132 participants from 9 January 2024 until 20 February 2024. Only participants aged 18 years or older were eligible to participate. An online participant information sheet was presented on the first page of each survey, describing the purpose of the research, what participation involved (voluntary completion of an anonymous questionnaire; approximate duration), how data would be used (research analysis), and any potential risks (minimal, limited to possible discomfort when answering questions). Participants could proceed to the questionnaire only after actively indicating consent (e.g., selecting an “I have read the information above and agree to participate” option); consent was recorded by the survey platform as part of the submission log (timestamp at the moment consent was provided and the participant proceeded to the survey). Consent was sought and obtained by the study researchers from the survey respondents themselves. The scope of consent covered: (i) voluntary participation in the survey; (ii) collection and processing of participants’ responses for research purposes; and (iii) publication of results only in aggregated and anonymized form (i.e., no publication of information that could reasonably identify individual participants). No direct identifiers were collected, and participants were informed that their responses would be treated as anonymous/confidential and stored securely with access limited to the research team. Participants were informed that they could discontinue participation at any time before submitting the survey (by exiting the browser) without penalty.

: This study involved the use of several large language models (LLMs) to explore sentiment toward AGI. Specifically, GPT-4, Mistral-7B-Instruct, LLaMA-2-70B-Chat, GPT-3.5-Turbo, PPLX-70B-Chat, Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct, and Bard, accessed via the OpenAI Playground with default settings, were utilized on December 29, 2023, from 20:23 until 21:54, December 30, 2023, from 18:50 until 20:43, December 31, 2023, from 22:02 until 23:03 and on January 1, 2024, from 8:58 until 10:06. For transparency, the responses generated during these sessions have been publicly released (OSF, 2024). All model names, access dates, and details regarding the scope of use are provided herein to fully disclose the extent of AI involvement in the research process.