Zhang, Lili
Asraf bin Abdullah, Muhammad
Funding for this research was provided by:
University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Anhui Province of China (2023AH052667)
Training Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Anhui Province of China (gxyqZD2022134)
the Education and Teaching Research Program of Anhui Society for Vocational and Adult Education (AZCJ2023003)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study uses publicly available secondary data and does not involve human participants or animals. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.