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Authors
Guo, Qiushi
Jin, Hongtao
Zhang, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Project of the National Social Science Fund of China (23BGL210)
Western Project of the National Social Science Fund of China (25XMZ025)
General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42471297)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Our research was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University (Approval number: CQU-SPPA-20210107) on January 7, 2021. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.
: Informed consent was obtained verbally from all individual participants before taking part in the questionnaire survey conducted from January to April 2021. The anonymity and confidentiality of the participants were guaranteed, and participation was entirely voluntary. All participants have also given their consent to the potential publication of this article.
