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Article History

Received: 21 June 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Faculty of Arts Ethics Approval Committee, University of Nigeria, with approval number 0571 dated 12 June 2022. The approval covers the procedures for data collection, handling of the confidentiality of the personal information obtained from the participants, informed consent of the participants, and dissemination of the results of the study. In line with this, this research was carried out in conformity with the relevant local guidelines/regulations provided by the committee for handling human participants and the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), which emphasizes the importance of protecting the well-being and rights of research participants, including the need for informed consent and minimizing risks.

: Written informed consent was obtained from participants on 10 July, 2022, for anonymized participant information and details on the responses given and the tape-recording and publication of the results of the study. All participants were duly informed prior to their participation. Before the recordings of their responses and reading of the word list commenced, the participants were briefed on the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. They were assured of confidentiality and informed that their responses and recordings would be used solely for research purposes. These participants consented through a signed consent form in the questionnaire before any data were collected. They provided consent for participation, data use and publication of results obtained from the study.