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Article History

Received: 17 January 2025

Accepted: 13 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tung Wah College (TWC) (Approval number: REC2023177) on 20 September 2023. All ethnic minority student participants were provided the opportunity for voluntary participation by signing an informed consent form, and their personal information was kept confidential and anonymous. The study strictly adhered to ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects to ensure the safety and well-being of the participants.Informed consent Before data collection, written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The Principal Investigator (PI) thoroughly explained the study details to participants, including research purpose and objectives, data collection procedures, intended use of the data, confidentiality protections and anonymity measures, and potential risks or benefits of participation. This consent process followed the guidelines outlined in the study information sheet and complied with the ethical requirements of the Research Ethics Committee of TWC.

: Before data collection, written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The Principal Investigator (PI) thoroughly explained the study details to participants, including research purpose and objectives, data collection procedures, intended use of the data, confidentiality protections and anonymity measures, and potential risks or benefits of participation. This consent process followed the guidelines outlined in the study information sheet and complied with the ethical requirements of the Research Ethics Committee of TWC.