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Authors
Zhang, Linjie
Wang, Xizhe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (Y202455670)
Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project (26NDJC066YBM)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62577051)
Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions (2024QN144)
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Human Experimentation Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Normal University (Approval No. ZSRT2025270), with approval granted on September 7, 2025. The study was designed and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. All participants were required to read the informed agreement statement and check the box “I agree to participate” before proceeding. The system was configured to prevent individuals who did not provide consent from continuing. This survey did not collect any personally identifiable information, and all responses were anonymized. Informed consent was obtained from all participants on September 30, 2025.
