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Authors
Du, Zhanwen
Štefan, Lovro
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the 2024 Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project "Innovation of VR/AR-assisted Teaching Path of National Physical Education in Colleges and Universities in the Digital Intelligence Era" Project (approval number ID: No. 2411082204) with the support and approval of the Ethical Committee of the School of Physical Education, Southwest University on the 26th of April 2024. All procedures underwent in the project were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring data anonymity and protection from the outside source. Also, all research was performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations. The scope of approval was to investigate on-field performance of elite male soccer players and how these characteristics might be associated with mental toughness using state-of-the-art technology to capture notational performance.
: In this study, written informed consents were obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians for the questionnaire survey from the 07 th of June 2024 till the 27th of August 2024 (when the study participants had preparatory period for the new season) requested from Zhanwen Du, who was the main researcher of the project which supported this study entitled "Innovation of VR/AR-assisted Teaching Path of National Physical Education in Colleges and Universities in the Digital Intelligence Era" Project (approval number ID: No. 2411082204) obtained on the 26th of April 2024. The written informed consent form clearly stated: (1) the purpose of the survey, (2) researchers’ affiliations, (3) privacy guarantees, and (4) data confidentiality measures. The scope of consent covered: (a) voluntary participation in the survey, (b) use of collected data for research purposes, (c) anonymous publication of aggregated results in academic journals, and (d) the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences.
