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Authors
Mitani, Haruyo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K13454, 25H05484)
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (20H05805)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University (approval no. 20-H-33, approved on 16 December 2020). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the survey. The survey was administered by a professional research agency using a postal questionnaire on behalf of the research team. Participants received an information sheet explaining the study purpose, voluntary participation, confidentiality and anonymity of responses, and the intended use of the data for statistical analysis and academic publication. Written informed consent was obtained through the return of the completed questionnaire during the survey period (20 January 2023 – 24 February 2023). The research team received only anonymized data and had no access to directly identifiable personal information.
