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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This research was approved by the LeShan Normal University Academic Committee. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: KYLL20260301, approval time:March 2024). Respondents’ names, identification, address, or any other identifying information were not requested. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained for all participants throughout the research process. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were fully informed of the study’s objectives and procedures prior to providing consent.

: Written people assent and informed consent was obtained from participants. Informed consent time:June 2024. The consent form outlined the study’s title, purpose, procedures, confidentiality measures, the voluntary nature of participation, and the inquiry procedures. Respondents were assured of both anonymity and the confidentiality of their responses.