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Authors
Fang, Lingzhi Brian
Cheng, Tan
Yang, Heng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pujiang Program (24PJC037)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All research procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Dali University (Approval No. HSSECDLU-20240501) on May 1, 2024. The research was conducted in line with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
: Consent was provided through the cover letter attached to the questionnaire. All participants were fully understanding the informed consent form. This process was conducted between June and July 2024. All authors confirm that informed consent was obtained from every participant involved in the study. Participants voluntarily agreed to take part in the research, fully informed that their anonymity would be ensured, that their data would be used solely for research purposes, and that there were no risks associated with their participation. Data were recorded and numbered in Arabic numerals, which did not include participants’ names.
