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Article History

Received: 4 December 2024

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study implemented all the procedures including “human participants” were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration 1964 and its later amendments and also with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. Research Ethics Committee (REC) at University of Ha’il Saudi Arabia approved the procedures including questionnaire, methodology, recruitment of participants and data collection on 16-2-2024 under the protocol code H-2024-533.

: Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the anonymous survey. Although it was not mandatory to obtained a formal consent however, the consent was obtained electronically by the research team between 20 March and 26 May 2024. Participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Consent covered participation in the study, use of anonymized data for academic purposes, and publication of aggregated findings. As the study was a non-interventional questionnaire survey, no personally identifiable information was collected, and all responses were anonymized prior to analysis. Participants were explicitly assured of confidentiality and informed that no risks were associated with participation. No vulnerable populations (e.g., minors or patients) were included; therefore, no additional consent procedures were required. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional ethical guidelines.