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Authors
Liu, Zhixiang
Wang, Yibao
Li, Cuixi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology (2025WLKXJ153)
Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX25_3017)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, on June 20, 2024(No. QN-2024-0019). Data collection began after obtaining ethical permission.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All those who recognized the value of this study and understood its purpose and objectives participated. The participants were all adults, and their participation was entirely voluntary after being assured of their anonymity and the academic use of the collected data. The participants have also consented to the submission of the article to the journal. Informed consent forms were obtained between July 1 and August 31, 2024.
