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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 13 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Scientific and Ethical Review Committee at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman on 12 October 2020 with reference number U/SERC/159/2020. The study’s method was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The minors are not included in this study.

: Informed consent was obtained in written form from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Consent was obtained by the researchers directly from the participants before data collection commenced, between 12 October 2020 and 18 December 2020. All participants were provided with a clear explanation of the study objectives, procedures, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. No minors were involved in this study.