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Article History

Received: 26 December 2024

Accepted: 1 May 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: Ethical review and approval for this study were required and obtained from the Ethics Committee of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection (September 2024). Participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality and anonymity of their data. All data were anonymized, and no personally identifiable information was collected.