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Authors
Ma, Xinyi
Lv, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_3860)
the National Social Science Foundation of China (22FYB068)
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was formally applied for and reviewed by the Ethics Committee of the Business School, Yangzhou University. The committee determined that the study met the criteria for exemption from full ethical approval and issued an official exemption (Exemption No.: yzusxy202602). The research involved minimal risk and collected only anonymous questionnaire data. The study was conducted solely in China; therefore, no additional local approvals were required. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant Chinese regulations on human subjects research.
: All participants provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire. Participation was voluntary, and all responses were collected anonymously and used solely for academic research purposes.
: This statement is to certify that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript being submitted. We warrant that the article is the authors’ original work. We warrant that the article has not received prior publication and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
