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Authors
He, Qing
Xie, Di
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors; therefore, ethical approval was not required. The analysis presented does not seek to establish a definitive causal relationship between privacy violations and anticompetitive effects, but rather to highlight an underexplored analytical perspective.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors; therefore, informed consent was not required. The analysis presented does not seek to establish a definitive causal relationship between privacy violations and anticompetitive effects, but rather to highlight an underexplored analytical perspective.
