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Article History

Received: 11 December 2025

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: We collected data between May and June of 2025. Prior to the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi (Date: 29.05.2025, Decision No: 01-121). The research process was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

: The participant consent forms for the study were submitted to the Ethics Committee of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University and approved. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, providing them with information about the study and assuring them that their personal data would be safeguarded. The aim, methods, potential risks, and benefits of the research were clearly explained to each participant, and the participants voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. Participants were assured of their right to withdraw from the study at any time. All concerns were addressed prior to obtaining consent. During the data collection process, which took place in May and June 2025, each participant read the consent forms and signed them to confirm their acceptance. Participation was entirely voluntary, and interviews were conducted only with those who gave explicit consent. This consent process was witnessed by the authors. Participants’ confidentiality and anonymity were strictly protected throughout the research process.