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Article History

Received: 22 April 2025

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 21 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong (Approval Code: EA230034), date of ethical approval, which was obtained on 2 February 2023, prior to the commencement of data collection. The scope of this approval covered all study procedures, including participant recruitment, questionnaire survey, data collection, and data analysis, as described in the manuscript. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant local regulatory requirements.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. No participants under the age of 16 were involved in the study. Informed consent covered voluntary participation, the use of de-identified data for analysis, and the publication of findings. Participants were informed of the research objectives, anonymity assurance, data usage for research purposes, and their right to withdraw at any time without disadvantage. No foreseeable risks were associated with participation beyond the time and effort required for the survey, and no vulnerable individuals were involved.