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Article History

Received: 6 July 2024

Accepted: 7 May 2026

First Online: 23 May 2026

Ethical approval

: The procedures used in this study adhere to the principles of Declaration of Helsinki. The corresponding author obtained permission to conduct the study. The research was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration guidelines and has been reviewed by the Ethical Committee of Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Prior to participation, respondents were clearly informed about the purpose and objectives of the research, and their participation was entirely voluntary. Participants were assured that their responses would remain confidential and anonymous, and that the data would be used solely for academic and research purposes. They were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without any consequences.

: The authors declare no competing interests. All the authors have approved the paper and agree with its submission.