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Authors
Abourokbah, Safinaz
Salam, Mohammad Asif
Badawi, Nada
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (IPP: 1624-120-2025)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical review and approval were waived for this study by King Abdulaziz University (KAU) (Reference No for exemption: (21–25)). The waiver was granted because the research did not involve direct interaction with individuals and did not collect any personal or sensitive information.
: All individuals provided informed consent prior to their participation. Participants were explicitly informed of the study’s aims and procedures. They granted permission for their responses to be used for research purposes and published in academic publications. Participants were guaranteed the ability to withdraw from the research at any moment without facing any consequences. All data gathered from participants were kept confidential and anonymised to ensure privacy.
