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Authors
Nguyen, Minh Hue
Do, Ngoc Bich
Hoang, Thu-Hang
Do, Hai-Ninh
Nguyen, Ba-Son
Dang-Van, Thac
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (B2024-KSA-05)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Academic Integrity Committee at the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City reviewed and approved this study on July 31, 2024 (Decision No. 906/QĐ-ĐHKT-QLKHHTQT). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the institution’s ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in the study. Respondents were informed about the purpose of the research and confirmed their agreement before completing the questionnaire. This consent process is documented in the introductory section of the survey instrument, which is included as an appendix to the manuscript.
