Pang, Qingchao
Cao, Xiaojuan
Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningxia Normal University (Protocol № 5 of 11.05.2024). The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and data protection regulations concerning participants’ personal information. All data collected during the study were anonymized and used exclusively for scientific purposes.
: All participants gave their written informed consent (on 13.05.2024). An informed consent form clearly outlined the study’s purpose, procedures, and potential risks.