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Authors
Tsai, An-Chao
Phak-insee, Potchara
Huang, Yueh-Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSCT-113-2410-H-006-125-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (NSCT-113-2410-H-006-125-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (NSCT-113-2410-H-006-125-MY3)
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (Approval Number: NCKU HREC-E-112-707-2, Approval Period: August 1, 2024 to July 31, 2027). Ethical approval was obtained on August 1, 2024, prior to the commencement of the study. The first experimental session was conducted on November 26, 2024. All procedures involving human participants followed the ethical standards of the committee and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians on November 19, 2024, prior to participation. For child participants, written consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians on the same day. Participants were fully informed of the purpose of the research and their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences.
