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Article History

Received: 10 December 2024

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 6 June 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research was carried out in compliance with the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Business Administration, Ton Duc Thang University (TDTU) under approval reference number 2386/QĐ-TĐT, granted on August 28, 2022. The committee evaluated and authorized the study protocol, including the research design and methodology, participant inclusion criteria, procedures for data collection and confidentiality, as well as the informed consent process.

: The authors declare that they have no identifying details such as names, dates of birth, identity numbers, or biometric characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprints, writing styles, voice patterns, DNA or other distinguishing characteristics) that relate to the participants of the study and that no animal experiments were conducted. For the survey, the authors used a questionnaire to collect all the data via invited emails and users answered the survey via social apps from September 17, 2021 to February 07, 2022. We used Google forms to collect all the data. Participants knew that their information was collected anonymously (their email address was not a requirement when they submitted the questionnaire), and the participants provided their consent for sharing this information at the beginning of the questionnaire. All the participants who agreed to answer the questionnaire were made well aware that the information was used to conduct this research. All the participants had the right to choose to answer the questions; if they did not want to answer the questions, they could leave the survey immediately.