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Article History

Received: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 15 May 2026

First Online: 2 June 2026

Ethical approval

: The study was conducted with the permission of the Director of Education in the Ministry of Education and Training of the Kingdom of Eswatini. The official authorisation was granted on 21 February 2025. A formal permission letter was issued by the Ministry, as it is the sole authority responsible for approving research requests of this nature within the Kingdom of Eswatini.

: In this study, informed consent was obtained through a written process. The consent form was completed on the 31st of January; however, we had to wait for ethical clearance from the Ministry of Education and Training before seeking consent from participants. Since there were three institutions involved, consent was sought from 26th of February to the 7th of March 2025. Prior to data collection, all participants received an information sheet detailing the purpose of the research, their rights, and how their data would be used. The consent was obtained in writing through signed consent forms, which participants completed voluntarily. The process took place after the Director granted permission for the study, and the consent forms were signed by each participant in the presence of the researcher. The forms serve as proof of informed and voluntary participation.

: The authors declare no competing interests.