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Authors
Gao, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-039X
Wang, Binhua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-5214
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (“Languages-AI-Industry” Integrated Education Programme)
National Social Science Fund of China (25BYY046)
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (XKCSZ2442)
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 30 May 2026
First Online: 9 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study adheres to ethical guidelines by using publicly available language data with no copyright issues.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
