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Article History

Received: 5 January 2026

Accepted: 30 May 2026

First Online: 8 June 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not require ethical approval, as it is exempt under national regulations governing scientific research ethics. In accordance with the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions issued by the Council of Higher Education of Türkiye (YÖK), ethical committee approval is not required for studies based exclusively on publicly available secondary data, documents, and official reports that do not involve human participants, personal data collection, or intervention. The analysis conducted in this study relies solely on publicly accessible institutional documents and aggregated secondary data and therefore falls within the scope of this exemption. Consent was provided by the participants verbally in an online meeting in May 2025. None of these people are below 16 years old. Council of Higher Education (YÖK), Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions: .

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.