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Article History

Received: 18 March 2025

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the University of Health Sciences Turkey Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Date: 22.12.2023, No: 21/27).

: All participants received a detailed information sheet outlining the purpose of the study, the target population, and the potential risks and benefits of participation. They were informed that participation was entirely voluntary and that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalty. Participants were informed that exiting the browser would result in no data being recorded. It was clearly communicated that the study was intended exclusively for a defined participant group and was not open to general participation. Data collection procedures were designed to ensure anonymity and confidentiality; no personally identifiable information was collected, and no personal data are included in any research outputs. Informed consent was obtained electronically via an online form prior to accessing the survey, during the data collection period from July 2024 to January 2025. Participants were explicitly informed that their data would be used solely for academic research purposes and that anonymized data may be shared with other researchers, with all identifying information removed beforehand. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the relevant university ethics committee.