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Article History

Received: 24 August 2025

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 19 June 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval: This study received ethical approval from the Ethical committee of marketing management department, Bule Hora University (Approval No. CBE/MKMT/05/2025) on February 6, 2025. All procedures performed in this study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants’ confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained to protect their privacy throughout the research process.

Informed consent: This study did not include children or minors as participants. As stated in the questionnaire instructions, researchers gave participants thorough and understandable information about the purpose, nature, and possible risks of the study before they began answering the questionnaire. On February 7, 2025, all participants gave their informed consent after being made fully aware of their freedom to leave the study at any moment without facing any repercussions. All collected data and personal information were treated with the utmost confidentiality and utilized only for scholarly research.