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Article History

Received: 11 August 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research and Innovation Ethics Committee of the Universidad Peruana Unión (protocol code 2025-CEUPeU-019, approval date: March 27, 2025). The application of the instruments was carried out after the approval of the ethics committee between the months of April and June 2025. All participants were informed about the objectives of the study, potential risks and benefits, and were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and the voluntary nature of their participation prior to providing written informed consent. Participants were also provided with the name and email address of the lead researcher for any questions or concerns.

Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the objectives of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, anonymity, confidentiality, and the academic use of the data.