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Article History

Received: 19 July 2025

Accepted: 9 July 2026

First Online: 16 July 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical approval: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the College Research Ethics Review Committee (CRERC) (Approval No. CBE-RTT-24/2025), covering the period from July 2024 to June 2025. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the CRERC and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical guidelines. Recruitment was conducted prospectively among women university teachers from January 15, 2025, to March 25, 2025.

Informed consent: All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, and potential impacts before agreeing to take part. They received clear, accessible explanations of their involvement, including potential risks and benefits, and were explicitly assured that participation was entirely voluntary. Oral informed consent was obtained from each participant and agreed to participate in the study. As all participants were adults, parental or guardian consent was not required. Participants were free to decline involvement without judgment or consequence and retained the right to withdraw from the study at any stage, for any reason, with no adverse effects. Anonymity, confidentiality, and data security were strictly maintained throughout the research process.