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Authors
YOON, HO YOUNG
Kim, Sungyeun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A2C1010310)
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Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 21 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval: This study made exclusive use of publicly available data sources that do not contain any personally identifiable information. In accordance with the applicable regulatory framework in South Korea—specifically, Article 16 of the Enforcement Rule of the Bioethics and Safety Act and Article 13 of its Enforcement Decree—research relying solely on such data is exempt from review and approval by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Consequently, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was required for the analyses presented in this study.
Informed consent: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
Declaration on generative artificial intelligence: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT in order to improve language and readability. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
