Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Huang, Yanni
Abdullah, Melissa Ng Lee Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-0106
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 12 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Psychology and Education, Shantou Polytechnic, China (Approval No. DPE202301ST; September 10, 2023). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians prior to the commencement of data collection. All participants and their legal guardians were provided with a written informed consent form outlining the study’s purpose and procedures, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all data were collected anonymously to protect participants’ privacy and confidentiality.
