Rahman, Preethu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-6811
Musa, Mohammad
Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2026
First Online: 6 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical Approval and informed consent: This study used publicly available secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicators (World Bank) and the IMF Financial Access Survey. No human participants, personal data, or identifiable information were involved. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required in accordance with institutional and international research ethics guidelines.