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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 29 July 2026

First Online: 15 August 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. The CAU Ethics Committee at Kiel University approved our eye-tracking study on July 20th, 2023 (Reference number: ZEK-22/23). We confirm that all research was performed in accordance with the guidelines from the EU General Data Protection Regulation, WAC (World Archaeology Congress) First Code of Ethics, and the AAA (American Anthropological Association) Statement of Ethics. The scope of the approval involves conducting eye-tracking experiments using mobile headsets within museum contexts in European countries.

Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent: Participants provided their written consent for review and signature before the experiments took place between 29th January to 2nd February 2024. The written consent covers their participation, collection, storage, use and dissemination of anonymised data. It also makes clear that participants were fully aware that their anonymity and data protection were assured, that they understood the research being conducted, how the data would be utilised and of the risks involved in the research. Written consent was obtained by the two lead researchers Lizzie Scholtus and Bruno Vindrola-Padrós.