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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 29 July 2026

First Online: 5 August 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee for Human Subject Protection at Sichuan Normal University on 8 December 2024 (approval no. 2024LS060). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, relevant institutional guidelines and regulations, and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent: The informed-consent procedure was approved by the Research Ethics Committee for Human Subject Protection at Sichuan Normal University on 8 December 2024 as part of protocol 2024LS060. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all individual participants before their participation in the study.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing: ChatGPT was used only during the writing process to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. The authors have reviewed and edited all AI-assisted content as needed and take full responsibility for the final content of the article.