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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 31 July 2026

First Online: 7 August 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: The author declares no competing interests.

Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, China, on 24 June 2025. All procedures followed the Declaration of Helsinki and the university’s social-science ethics guidelines. The survey was anonymous, non-interventional, and minimal-risk, and no personally identifiable information was collected.

Informed consent: Fieldwork was conducted on-site from 25 June to 8 July 2025 at four rural micro-vacation destinations in Wuxi. Adult visitors aged 18–60 years were informed of the study purpose, voluntary participation, anonymity, and their right to withdraw before completing the anonymous questionnaire. The first page of the questionnaire provided an informed-consent statement, and completion/submission of the questionnaire was regarded as indicating informed and voluntary consent. Written informed consent was not obtained because the Ethics Committee of Wuxi Taihu University approved this anonymous, non-interventional, minimal-risk questionnaire procedure without collecting signatures or personally identifiable information. No minors were recruited, and responses were de-identified and used solely for academic research.