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Article History

Received: 12 October 2025

Accepted: 10 September 2026

First Online: 22 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: This study involved human participants and was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (Approval ID: EF20260321001). The research was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants.

Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the survey. Before completing the questionnaire, participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the approximate time required to complete the survey, and that their responses would be used exclusively for academic research. Participants provided consent by voluntarily proceeding with the questionnaire.