Xiao, Yineng http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-2071
Ahmad, Sayed Fayaz http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-3749
Irshad, Muhammad
Guo, Han
Mahmoud, Haitham A.
Awwad, Emad Mahrous
Khan, Yasser
Article History
Received: 10 June 2023
Accepted: 9 January 2024
First Online: 21 March 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research ethics committee examined, approved and endorsed the evaluation survey questionnaire and methodology by the University of Gwadar on 1 March 2021 (see supplementary information). The study meets the requirements of the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tents of the declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the data was collected. We informed each participant of their rights, the purpose of the study, and to safeguard their personal information.