Article History
Received: 23 August 2022
Accepted: 29 February 2024
First Online: 14 March 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangxi University. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. We applied for ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangxi University in 2015 and were approved. The initial ethics approval number was GXU-2015-055. In 2024, we applied to the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangxi University for an ethics review again and were approved. The second ethics approval number was GXU-2024-014.
: Informed consent was deemed not necessary. The empirical analysis is based on data collected through a survey. Respondents were recruited from a database of online shoppers of a nationwide Chinese multichannel grocery e-retailer. Based on the payment record of the electronic payment platform, the grocery e-retailer extended an electronic invitation text message to their consumers’ cell phones, inviting them to fill out the demographic questions and subsequently answer the rest of the questionnaire online. The purpose of the questionnaire and the use of the data are clearly stated in the description of the questionnaire, and the questionnaire does not involve privacy issues. In the questionnaire description, all respondents were informed that the information collected in the survey are used only for academic research and will not be used for commercial purposes for profit or for purposes that may harm others. If respondents disagree, they can terminate the questionnaire at any time.