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Morphotype Characteristics of the Second Upper Molar (M2) of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) and the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) (Carnivora, Ursidae)

Published Online: 2025-08-26

Published Print: 2025-10

Authors

Gimranov, D. O.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-26

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Article History

Received: 26 January 2024

Revised: 26 April 2024

Accepted: 18 May 2024

First Online: 26 August 2025

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

: The compliance of the study with international ethical standards was confirmed by the Bioethics Commission of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (extract from Minutes no. 13 of the Commission meeting dated November 1, 2022).It is permissible for the staff of the Institute of Plant and Animal History, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, to use collection (museum) materials in their research and in publications based on them without the procedure of separate discussion and consideration of specific applications for research using such materials, provided that such materials were received (deposited) in the funds of collections (museums) before the date of creation of the Bioethics Commission at the Institute of Plant and Animal History, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (i.e., before May 14, 2020).

: The author of this work declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

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